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GCC Code Coverage Report

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File:	bin/chio/chio.c	Lines:	0	325	0.0 %
Date:	2017-11-07	Branches:	0	178	0.0 %


/*	$OpenBSD: chio.c,v 1.25 2014/03/16 18:38:30 guenther Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: chio.c,v 1.1.1.1 1996/04/03 00:34:38 thorpej Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Jason R. Thorpe <thorpej@and.com>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgments:
 *	This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe
 *	for And Communications, http://www.and.com/
 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mtio.h>
#include <sys/chio.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <util.h>

#include "defs.h"
#include "pathnames.h"

#define _PATH_CH_CONF	"/etc/chio.conf"
extern	char *parse_tapedev(const char *, const char *, int); /* parse.y */
extern	char *__progname;	/* from crt0.o */

static	void usage(void);
static	int parse_element_type(char *);
static	int parse_element_unit(char *);
static	int parse_special(char *);
static	int is_special(char *);
static	char *bits_to_string(int, const char *);
static	void find_voltag(char *, int *, int *);
static	void check_source_drive(int);

static	int do_move(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_exchange(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_position(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_params(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_getpicker(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_setpicker(char *, int, char **);
static	int do_status(char *, int, char **);

/* Valid changer element types. */
const struct element_type elements[] = {
	{ "drive",		CHET_DT },
	{ "picker",		CHET_MT },
	{ "portal",		CHET_IE },
	{ "slot",		CHET_ST },
	{ NULL,			0 },
};

/* Valid commands. */
const struct changer_command commands[] = {
	{ "exchange",		do_exchange },
	{ "getpicker",		do_getpicker },
	{ "move",		do_move },
	{ "params",		do_params },
	{ "position",		do_position },
	{ "setpicker",		do_setpicker },
	{ "status",		do_status },
	{ NULL,			0 },
};

/* Valid special words. */
const struct special_word specials[] = {
	{ "inv",		SW_INVERT },
	{ "inv1",		SW_INVERT1 },
	{ "inv2",		SW_INVERT2 },
	{ NULL,			0 },
};

static	int changer_fd;
static	char *changer_name;
static int avoltag;
static int pvoltag;

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ch, i;

	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "f:")) != -1) {
		switch (ch) {
		case 'f':
			changer_name = optarg;
			break;
		default:
			usage();
		}
	}
	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	if (argc == 0)
		usage();

	/* Get the default changer if not already specified. */
	if (changer_name == NULL)
		if ((changer_name = getenv(CHANGER_ENV_VAR)) == NULL)
			changer_name = _PATH_CH;

	/* Open the changer device. */
	if ((changer_fd = open(changer_name, O_RDWR, 0600)) == -1)
		err(1, "%s: open", changer_name);

	/* Find the specified command. */
	for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name != NULL; ++i)
		if (strcmp(*argv, commands[i].cc_name) == 0)
			break;
	if (commands[i].cc_name == NULL) {
		/* look for abbreviation */
		for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name != NULL; ++i)
			if (strncmp(*argv, commands[i].cc_name,
			    strlen(*argv)) == 0)
				break;
	}
	if (commands[i].cc_name == NULL)
		errx(1, "unknown command: %s", *argv);

	exit((*commands[i].cc_handler)(commands[i].cc_name, argc, argv));
}

static int
do_move(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct changer_move cmd;
	int val;

	/*
	 * On a move command, we expect the following:
	 *
	 * <from ET> <from EU> <to ET> <to EU> [inv]
	 *
	 * where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
	 */

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc < 4) {
		warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	} else if (argc > 5) {
		warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	}
	bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));

	/*
	 * Get the from ET and EU - we search for it if the ET is
	 * "voltag", otherwise, we just use the ET and EU given to us.
	 */
	if (strcmp(*argv, "voltag") == 0) {
		++argv; --argc;
		find_voltag(*argv, &cmd.cm_fromtype, &cmd.cm_fromunit);
		++argv; --argc;
	} else {
		cmd.cm_fromtype = parse_element_type(*argv);
		++argv; --argc;
		cmd.cm_fromunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
		++argv; --argc;
	}

	if (cmd.cm_fromtype == CHET_DT)
		check_source_drive(cmd.cm_fromunit);

	/*
	 * Don't allow voltag on the to ET, using a volume
	 * as a destination makes no sense on a move
	 */
	cmd.cm_totype = parse_element_type(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;
	cmd.cm_tounit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* Deal with optional command modifier. */
	if (argc) {
		val = parse_special(*argv);
		switch (val) {
		case SW_INVERT:
			cmd.cm_flags |= CM_INVERT;
			break;

		default:
			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
			    cname, *argv);
			/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}

	/* Send command to changer. */
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOMOVE, &cmd))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOMOVE", changer_name);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s "
	    "<from ET> <from EU> <to ET> <to EU> [inv]\n", __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_exchange(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct changer_exchange cmd;
	int val;

	/*
	 * On an exchange command, we expect the following:
	 *
  * <src ET> <src EU> <dst1 ET> <dst1 EU> [<dst2 ET> <dst2 EU>] [inv1] [inv2]
	 *
	 * where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
	 */

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc < 4) {
		warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	} else if (argc > 8) {
		warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	}
	bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));

	/* <src ET>  */
	cmd.ce_srctype = parse_element_type(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* <src EU> */
	cmd.ce_srcunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* <dst1 ET> */
	cmd.ce_fdsttype = parse_element_type(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* <dst1 EU> */
	cmd.ce_fdstunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/*
	 * If the next token is a special word or there are no more
	 * arguments, then this is a case of simple exchange.
	 * dst2 == src.
	 */
	if ((argc == 0) || is_special(*argv)) {
		cmd.ce_sdsttype = cmd.ce_srctype;
		cmd.ce_sdstunit = cmd.ce_srcunit;
		goto do_special;
	}

	/* <dst2 ET> */
	cmd.ce_sdsttype = parse_element_type(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* <dst2 EU> */
	cmd.ce_sdstunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

 do_special:
	/* Deal with optional command modifiers. */
	while (argc) {
		val = parse_special(*argv);
		++argv; --argc;
		switch (val) {
		case SW_INVERT1:
			cmd.ce_flags |= CE_INVERT1;
			break;

		case SW_INVERT2:
			cmd.ce_flags |= CE_INVERT2;
			break;

		default:
			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
			    cname, *argv);
			/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}

	/* Send command to changer. */
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOEXCHANGE, &cmd))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOEXCHANGE", changer_name);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <src ET> <src EU> <dst1 ET> <dst1 EU>\n"
	    "       [<dst2 ET> <dst2 EU>] [inv1] [inv2]\n",
	    __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_position(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct changer_position cmd;
	int val;

	/*
	 * On a position command, we expect the following:
	 *
	 * <to ET> <to EU> [inv]
	 *
	 * where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
	 */

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc < 2) {
		warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	} else if (argc > 3) {
		warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	}
	bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));

	/* <to ET>  */
	cmd.cp_type = parse_element_type(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* <to EU> */
	cmd.cp_unit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
	++argv; --argc;

	/* Deal with optional command modifier. */
	if (argc) {
		val = parse_special(*argv);
		switch (val) {
		case SW_INVERT:
			cmd.cp_flags |= CP_INVERT;
			break;

		default:
			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
			    cname, *argv);
			/* NOTREACHED */
		}
	}

	/* Send command to changer. */
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOPOSITION, &cmd))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOPOSITION", changer_name);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <to ET> <to EU> [inv]\n",
	    __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_params(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct changer_params data;

	/* No arguments to this command. */

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc) {
		warnx("%s: no arguments expected", cname);
		goto usage;
	}

	/* Get params from changer and display them. */
	bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);

	printf("%s: %d slot%s, %d drive%s, %d picker%s",
	    changer_name,
	    data.cp_nslots, (data.cp_nslots > 1) ? "s" : "",
	    data.cp_ndrives, (data.cp_ndrives > 1) ? "s" : "",
	    data.cp_npickers, (data.cp_npickers > 1) ? "s" : "");
	if (data.cp_nportals)
		printf(", %d portal%s", data.cp_nportals,
		    (data.cp_nportals > 1) ? "s" : "");
	printf("\n%s: current picker: %d\n", changer_name, data.cp_curpicker);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_getpicker(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int picker;

	/* No arguments to this command. */

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc) {
		warnx("%s: no arguments expected", cname);
		goto usage;
	}

	/* Get current picker from changer and display it. */
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPICKER, &picker))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGPICKER", changer_name);

	printf("%s: current picker: %d\n", changer_name, picker);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_setpicker(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int picker;

	++argv; --argc;

	if (argc < 1) {
		warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	} else if (argc > 1) {
		warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	}

	picker = parse_element_unit(*argv);

	/* Set the changer picker. */
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOSPICKER, &picker))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOSPICKER", changer_name);

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <picker>\n", __progname, cname);
	return (1);
}

static int
do_status(char *cname, int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
	struct changer_params data;
	int i, chet, schet, echet, c;
	char *description;
	size_t count;

	optreset = 1;
	optind = 1;
	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "vVa")) != -1) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'v':
			pvoltag = 1;
			break;
		case 'V':
			avoltag = 1;
			break;
		case 'a':
			pvoltag = avoltag = 1;
			break;
		default:
			goto usage;
		}
	}

	argc -= optind;
	argv += optind;

	/*
	 * On a status command, we expect the following:
	 *
	 * [<ET>]
	 *
	 * where ET == element type.
	 *
	 * If we get no arguments, we get the status of all
	 * known element types.
	 */
	if (argc > 1) {
		warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
		goto usage;
	}

	/*
	 * Get params from changer.  Specifically, we need the element
	 * counts.
	 */
	bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);

	if (argc)
		schet = echet = parse_element_type(*argv);
	else {
		schet = CHET_MT;
		echet = CHET_DT;
	}

	for (chet = schet; chet <= echet; ++chet) {
		switch (chet) {
		case CHET_MT:
			count = data.cp_npickers;
			description = "picker";
			break;

		case CHET_ST:
			count = data.cp_nslots;
			description = "slot";
			break;

		case CHET_IE:
			count = data.cp_nportals;
			description = "portal";
			break;

		case CHET_DT:
			count = data.cp_ndrives;
			description = "drive";
			break;
		}

		if (count == 0) {
			if (argc == 0)
				continue;
			else {
				printf("%s: no %s elements\n",
				    changer_name, description);
				return (0);
			}
		}

		bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));

		cmd.cesr_type = chet;
		/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
		cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
		if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
			errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");
		if (avoltag || pvoltag)
			cmd.cesr_flags |= CESR_VOLTAGS;

		if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
			free(cmd.cesr_data);
			err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
		}

		/* Dump the status for each element of this type. */
		for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
			struct changer_element_status *ces =
			         &(cmd.cesr_data[i]);
			printf("%s %d: %s", description, i,
			    bits_to_string(ces->ces_flags, CESTATUS_BITS));
			if (pvoltag)
				printf(" voltag: <%s:%d>",
				       ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_volid,
				       ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_serial);
			if (avoltag)
				printf(" avoltag: <%s:%d>",
				       ces->ces_avoltag.cv_volid,
				       ces->ces_avoltag.cv_serial);
			printf("\n");
		}

		free(cmd.cesr_data);
	}

	return (0);

 usage:
	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s [<element type>]\n", __progname,
	    cname);
	return (1);
}

/*
 * Check a drive unit as the source for a move or exchange
 * operation. If the drive is not accessible, we attempt
 * to unmount the tape in it before moving to avoid
 * errors in "disconnected" type pickers where the drive
 * is on a separate target from the changer.
 */
static void
check_source_drive(int unit)
{
	struct mtop mtoffl =  { MTOFFL, 1 };
	struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
	struct changer_element_status *ces;
	struct changer_params data;
	size_t count = 0;
	int mtfd;
	char *tapedev;

	/*
	 * Get params from changer.  Specifically, we need the element
	 * counts.
	 */
	bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);

	count = data.cp_ndrives;
	if (unit < 0 || unit >= count)
		err(1, "%s: invalid drive: drive %d", changer_name, unit);

	bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
	cmd.cesr_type = CHET_DT;
	/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
	cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
	if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
		errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");

	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
		free(cmd.cesr_data);
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
	}
	ces = &(cmd.cesr_data[unit]);

	if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_FULL) != CESTATUS_FULL)
		err(1, "%s: drive %d is empty!", changer_name, unit);

	if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_ACCESS) == CESTATUS_ACCESS)
		return; /* changer thinks all is well - trust it */

	/*
	 * Otherwise, drive is FULL, but not accessible.
	 * Try to make it accessible by doing an mt offline.
	 */
	tapedev = parse_tapedev(_PATH_CH_CONF, changer_name, unit);
	mtfd = opendev(tapedev, O_RDONLY, 0, NULL);
	if (mtfd == -1)
		err(1, "%s drive %d (%s): open", changer_name, unit, tapedev);
	if (ioctl(mtfd, MTIOCTOP, &mtoffl) == -1)
		err(1, "%s drive %d (%s): rewoffl", changer_name, unit,
		    tapedev);
	close(mtfd);
}

void
find_voltag(char *voltag, int *type, int *unit)
{
	struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
	struct changer_params data;
	int i, chet, schet, echet, found;
	size_t count = 0;

	/*
	 * Get params from changer.  Specifically, we need the element
	 * counts.
	 */
	bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
	if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
		err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);

	found = 0;
	schet = CHET_MT;
	echet = CHET_DT;

	/*
	 * For each type of element, iterate through each one until
	 * we find the correct volume id.
	 */
	for (chet = schet; chet <= echet; ++chet) {
		switch (chet) {
		case CHET_MT:
			count = data.cp_npickers;
			break;
		case CHET_ST:
			count = data.cp_nslots;
			break;
		case CHET_IE:
			count = data.cp_nportals;
			break;
		case CHET_DT:
			count = data.cp_ndrives;
			break;
		}
		if (count == 0 || found)
			continue;

		bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
		cmd.cesr_type = chet;
		/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
		cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
		if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
			errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");
		cmd.cesr_flags |= CESR_VOLTAGS;

		if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
			free(cmd.cesr_data);
			err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
		}

		/*
		 * look through each element to see if it has our desired
		 * volume tag.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
			struct changer_element_status *ces =
			    &(cmd.cesr_data[i]);
			if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_FULL) != CESTATUS_FULL)
				continue; /* no tape in drive */
			if (strcasecmp(voltag, ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_volid)
			    == 0) {
				*type = chet;
				*unit = i;
				found = 1;
				free(cmd.cesr_data);
				return;
			}
		}
		free(cmd.cesr_data);
	}
	errx(1, "%s: unable to locate voltag: %s", changer_name, voltag);
}


static int
parse_element_type(char *cp)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; elements[i].et_name != NULL; ++i)
		if (strcmp(elements[i].et_name, cp) == 0)
			return (elements[i].et_type);

	errx(1, "invalid element type `%s'", cp);
}

static int
parse_element_unit(char *cp)
{
	int i;
	char *p;

	i = (int)strtol(cp, &p, 10);
	if ((i < 0) || (*p != '\0'))
		errx(1, "invalid unit number `%s'", cp);

	return (i);
}

static int
parse_special(char *cp)
{
	int val;

	val = is_special(cp);
	if (val)
		return (val);

	errx(1, "invalid modifier `%s'", cp);
}

static int
is_special(char *cp)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; specials[i].sw_name != NULL; ++i)
		if (strcmp(specials[i].sw_name, cp) == 0)
			return (specials[i].sw_value);

	return (0);
}

static char *
bits_to_string(int v, const char *cp)
{
	const char *np;
	char f, sep, *bp;
	static char buf[128];

	bp = buf;
	bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));

	for (sep = '<'; (f = *cp++) != 0; cp = np) {
		for (np = cp; *np >= ' ';)
			np++;
		if ((v & (1 << (f - 1))) == 0)
			continue;
		(void)snprintf(bp, sizeof(buf) - (bp - &buf[0]),
		    "%c%.*s", sep, (int)(np - cp), cp);
		bp += strlen(bp);
		sep = ',';
	}
	if (sep != '<')
		*bp = '>';

	return (buf);
}

static void
usage(void)
{
	int i;

	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-f changer] command [arg ...]\n",
	    __progname);
	fprintf(stderr, "commands:");
	for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name; i++)
		fprintf(stderr, " %s", commands[i].cc_name);
	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
	exit(1);
}


Generated by: GCOVR (Version 3.3)

Line	Branch	Exec	Source
1			/* $OpenBSD: chio.c,v 1.25 2014/03/16 18:38:30 guenther Exp $ */
2			/* $NetBSD: chio.c,v 1.1.1.1 1996/04/03 00:34:38 thorpej Exp $ */
3
4			/*
5			* Copyright (c) 1996 Jason R. Thorpe <thorpej@and.com>
6			* All rights reserved.
7			*
8			* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9			* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10			* are met:
11			* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12			* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13			* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14			* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15			* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16			* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17			* must display the following acknowledgments:
18			* This product includes software developed by Jason R. Thorpe
19			* for And Communications, http://www.and.com/
20			* 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
21			* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
22			*
23			* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
24			* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
25			* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
26			* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
27			* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
28			* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
29			* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
30			* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
31			* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32			* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33			* SUCH DAMAGE.
34			*/
35
36			#include <sys/types.h>
37			#include <sys/ioctl.h>
38			#include <sys/mtio.h>
39			#include <sys/chio.h>
40			#include <err.h>
41			#include <errno.h>
42			#include <fcntl.h>
43			#include <limits.h>
44			#include <stdio.h>
45			#include <stdlib.h>
46			#include <string.h>
47			#include <unistd.h>
48			#include <util.h>
49
50			#include "defs.h"
51			#include "pathnames.h"
52
53			#define _PATH_CH_CONF "/etc/chio.conf"
54			extern char parse_tapedev(const char , const char , int); / parse.y */
55			extern char __progname; / from crt0.o */
56
57			static void usage(void);
58			static int parse_element_type(char *);
59			static int parse_element_unit(char *);
60			static int parse_special(char *);
61			static int is_special(char *);
62			static char bits_to_string(int, const char );
63			static void find_voltag(char , int , int *);
64			static void check_source_drive(int);
65
66			static int do_move(char , int, char *);
67			static int do_exchange(char , int, char *);
68			static int do_position(char , int, char *);
69			static int do_params(char , int, char *);
70			static int do_getpicker(char , int, char *);
71			static int do_setpicker(char , int, char *);
72			static int do_status(char , int, char *);
73
74			/* Valid changer element types. */
75			const struct element_type elements[] = {
76			{ "drive", CHET_DT },
77			{ "picker", CHET_MT },
78			{ "portal", CHET_IE },
79			{ "slot", CHET_ST },
80			{ NULL, 0 },
81			};
82
83			/* Valid commands. */
84			const struct changer_command commands[] = {
85			{ "exchange", do_exchange },
86			{ "getpicker", do_getpicker },
87			{ "move", do_move },
88			{ "params", do_params },
89			{ "position", do_position },
90			{ "setpicker", do_setpicker },
91			{ "status", do_status },
92			{ NULL, 0 },
93			};
94
95			/* Valid special words. */
96			const struct special_word specials[] = {
97			{ "inv", SW_INVERT },
98			{ "inv1", SW_INVERT1 },
99			{ "inv2", SW_INVERT2 },
100			{ NULL, 0 },
101			};
102
103			static int changer_fd;
104			static char *changer_name;
105			static int avoltag;
106			static int pvoltag;
107
108			int
109			main(int argc, char *argv[])
110			{
111			int ch, i;
112
113			while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "f:")) != -1) {
114			switch (ch) {
115			case 'f':
116			changer_name = optarg;
117			break;
118			default:
119			usage();
120			}
121			}
122			argc -= optind;
123			argv += optind;
124
125			if (argc == 0)
126			usage();
127
128			/* Get the default changer if not already specified. */
129			if (changer_name == NULL)
130			if ((changer_name = getenv(CHANGER_ENV_VAR)) == NULL)
131			changer_name = _PATH_CH;
132
133			/* Open the changer device. */
134			if ((changer_fd = open(changer_name, O_RDWR, 0600)) == -1)
135			err(1, "%s: open", changer_name);
136
137			/* Find the specified command. */
138			for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name != NULL; ++i)
139			if (strcmp(*argv, commands[i].cc_name) == 0)
140			break;
141			if (commands[i].cc_name == NULL) {
142			/* look for abbreviation */
143			for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name != NULL; ++i)
144			if (strncmp(*argv, commands[i].cc_name,
145			strlen(*argv)) == 0)
146			break;
147			}
148			if (commands[i].cc_name == NULL)
149			errx(1, "unknown command: %s", *argv);
150
151			exit((*commands[i].cc_handler)(commands[i].cc_name, argc, argv));
152			}
153
154			static int
155			do_move(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
156			{
157			struct changer_move cmd;
158			int val;
159
160			/*
161			* On a move command, we expect the following:
162			*
163			* <from ET> <from EU> <to ET> <to EU> [inv]
164			*
165			* where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
166			*/
167
168			++argv; --argc;
169
170			if (argc < 4) {
171			warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
172			goto usage;
173			} else if (argc > 5) {
174			warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
175			goto usage;
176			}
177			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
178
179			/*
180			* Get the from ET and EU - we search for it if the ET is
181			* "voltag", otherwise, we just use the ET and EU given to us.
182			*/
183			if (strcmp(*argv, "voltag") == 0) {
184			++argv; --argc;
185			find_voltag(*argv, &cmd.cm_fromtype, &cmd.cm_fromunit);
186			++argv; --argc;
187			} else {
188			cmd.cm_fromtype = parse_element_type(*argv);
189			++argv; --argc;
190			cmd.cm_fromunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
191			++argv; --argc;
192			}
193
194			if (cmd.cm_fromtype == CHET_DT)
195			check_source_drive(cmd.cm_fromunit);
196
197			/*
198			* Don't allow voltag on the to ET, using a volume
199			* as a destination makes no sense on a move
200			*/
201			cmd.cm_totype = parse_element_type(*argv);
202			++argv; --argc;
203			cmd.cm_tounit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
204			++argv; --argc;
205
206			/* Deal with optional command modifier. */
207			if (argc) {
208			val = parse_special(*argv);
209			switch (val) {
210			case SW_INVERT:
211			cmd.cm_flags \|= CM_INVERT;
212			break;
213
214			default:
215			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
216			cname, *argv);
217			/* NOTREACHED */
218			}
219			}
220
221			/* Send command to changer. */
222			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOMOVE, &cmd))
223			err(1, "%s: CHIOMOVE", changer_name);
224
225			return (0);
226
227			usage:
228			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s "
229			"<from ET> <from EU> <to ET> <to EU> [inv]\n", __progname, cname);
230			return (1);
231			}
232
233			static int
234			do_exchange(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
235			{
236			struct changer_exchange cmd;
237			int val;
238
239			/*
240			* On an exchange command, we expect the following:
241			*
242			* <src ET> <src EU> <dst1 ET> <dst1 EU> [<dst2 ET> <dst2 EU>] [inv1] [inv2]
243			*
244			* where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
245			*/
246
247			++argv; --argc;
248
249			if (argc < 4) {
250			warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
251			goto usage;
252			} else if (argc > 8) {
253			warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
254			goto usage;
255			}
256			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
257
258			/* <src ET> */
259			cmd.ce_srctype = parse_element_type(*argv);
260			++argv; --argc;
261
262			/* <src EU> */
263			cmd.ce_srcunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
264			++argv; --argc;
265
266			/* <dst1 ET> */
267			cmd.ce_fdsttype = parse_element_type(*argv);
268			++argv; --argc;
269
270			/* <dst1 EU> */
271			cmd.ce_fdstunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
272			++argv; --argc;
273
274			/*
275			* If the next token is a special word or there are no more
276			* arguments, then this is a case of simple exchange.
277			* dst2 == src.
278			*/
279			if ((argc == 0) \|\| is_special(*argv)) {
280			cmd.ce_sdsttype = cmd.ce_srctype;
281			cmd.ce_sdstunit = cmd.ce_srcunit;
282			goto do_special;
283			}
284
285			/* <dst2 ET> */
286			cmd.ce_sdsttype = parse_element_type(*argv);
287			++argv; --argc;
288
289			/* <dst2 EU> */
290			cmd.ce_sdstunit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
291			++argv; --argc;
292
293			do_special:
294			/* Deal with optional command modifiers. */
295			while (argc) {
296			val = parse_special(*argv);
297			++argv; --argc;
298			switch (val) {
299			case SW_INVERT1:
300			cmd.ce_flags \|= CE_INVERT1;
301			break;
302
303			case SW_INVERT2:
304			cmd.ce_flags \|= CE_INVERT2;
305			break;
306
307			default:
308			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
309			cname, *argv);
310			/* NOTREACHED */
311			}
312			}
313
314			/* Send command to changer. */
315			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOEXCHANGE, &cmd))
316			err(1, "%s: CHIOEXCHANGE", changer_name);
317
318			return (0);
319
320			usage:
321			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <src ET> <src EU> <dst1 ET> <dst1 EU>\n"
322			" [<dst2 ET> <dst2 EU>] [inv1] [inv2]\n",
323			__progname, cname);
324			return (1);
325			}
326
327			static int
328			do_position(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
329			{
330			struct changer_position cmd;
331			int val;
332
333			/*
334			* On a position command, we expect the following:
335			*
336			* <to ET> <to EU> [inv]
337			*
338			* where ET == element type and EU == element unit.
339			*/
340
341			++argv; --argc;
342
343			if (argc < 2) {
344			warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
345			goto usage;
346			} else if (argc > 3) {
347			warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
348			goto usage;
349			}
350			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
351
352			/* <to ET> */
353			cmd.cp_type = parse_element_type(*argv);
354			++argv; --argc;
355
356			/* <to EU> */
357			cmd.cp_unit = parse_element_unit(*argv);
358			++argv; --argc;
359
360			/* Deal with optional command modifier. */
361			if (argc) {
362			val = parse_special(*argv);
363			switch (val) {
364			case SW_INVERT:
365			cmd.cp_flags \|= CP_INVERT;
366			break;
367
368			default:
369			errx(1, "%s: inappropriate modifier `%s'",
370			cname, *argv);
371			/* NOTREACHED */
372			}
373			}
374
375			/* Send command to changer. */
376			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOPOSITION, &cmd))
377			err(1, "%s: CHIOPOSITION", changer_name);
378
379			return (0);
380
381			usage:
382			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <to ET> <to EU> [inv]\n",
383			__progname, cname);
384			return (1);
385			}
386
387			static int
388			do_params(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
389			{
390			struct changer_params data;
391
392			/* No arguments to this command. */
393
394			++argv; --argc;
395
396			if (argc) {
397			warnx("%s: no arguments expected", cname);
398			goto usage;
399			}
400
401			/* Get params from changer and display them. */
402			bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
403			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
404			err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);
405
406			printf("%s: %d slot%s, %d drive%s, %d picker%s",
407			changer_name,
408			data.cp_nslots, (data.cp_nslots > 1) ? "s" : "",
409			data.cp_ndrives, (data.cp_ndrives > 1) ? "s" : "",
410			data.cp_npickers, (data.cp_npickers > 1) ? "s" : "");
411			if (data.cp_nportals)
412			printf(", %d portal%s", data.cp_nportals,
413			(data.cp_nportals > 1) ? "s" : "");
414			printf("\n%s: current picker: %d\n", changer_name, data.cp_curpicker);
415
416			return (0);
417
418			usage:
419			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", __progname, cname);
420			return (1);
421			}
422
423			static int
424			do_getpicker(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
425			{
426			int picker;
427
428			/* No arguments to this command. */
429
430			++argv; --argc;
431
432			if (argc) {
433			warnx("%s: no arguments expected", cname);
434			goto usage;
435			}
436
437			/* Get current picker from changer and display it. */
438			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPICKER, &picker))
439			err(1, "%s: CHIOGPICKER", changer_name);
440
441			printf("%s: current picker: %d\n", changer_name, picker);
442
443			return (0);
444
445			usage:
446			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", __progname, cname);
447			return (1);
448			}
449
450			static int
451			do_setpicker(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
452			{
453			int picker;
454
455			++argv; --argc;
456
457			if (argc < 1) {
458			warnx("%s: too few arguments", cname);
459			goto usage;
460			} else if (argc > 1) {
461			warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
462			goto usage;
463			}
464
465			picker = parse_element_unit(*argv);
466
467			/* Set the changer picker. */
468			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOSPICKER, &picker))
469			err(1, "%s: CHIOSPICKER", changer_name);
470
471			return (0);
472
473			usage:
474			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s <picker>\n", __progname, cname);
475			return (1);
476			}
477
478			static int
479			do_status(char cname, int argc, char argv[])
480			{
481			struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
482			struct changer_params data;
483			int i, chet, schet, echet, c;
484			char *description;
485			size_t count;
486
487			optreset = 1;
488			optind = 1;
489			while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "vVa")) != -1) {
490			switch (c) {
491			case 'v':
492			pvoltag = 1;
493			break;
494			case 'V':
495			avoltag = 1;
496			break;
497			case 'a':
498			pvoltag = avoltag = 1;
499			break;
500			default:
501			goto usage;
502			}
503			}
504
505			argc -= optind;
506			argv += optind;
507
508			/*
509			* On a status command, we expect the following:
510			*
511			* [<ET>]
512			*
513			* where ET == element type.
514			*
515			* If we get no arguments, we get the status of all
516			* known element types.
517			*/
518			if (argc > 1) {
519			warnx("%s: too many arguments", cname);
520			goto usage;
521			}
522
523			/*
524			* Get params from changer. Specifically, we need the element
525			* counts.
526			*/
527			bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
528			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
529			err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);
530
531			if (argc)
532			schet = echet = parse_element_type(*argv);
533			else {
534			schet = CHET_MT;
535			echet = CHET_DT;
536			}
537
538			for (chet = schet; chet <= echet; ++chet) {
539			switch (chet) {
540			case CHET_MT:
541			count = data.cp_npickers;
542			description = "picker";
543			break;
544
545			case CHET_ST:
546			count = data.cp_nslots;
547			description = "slot";
548			break;
549
550			case CHET_IE:
551			count = data.cp_nportals;
552			description = "portal";
553			break;
554
555			case CHET_DT:
556			count = data.cp_ndrives;
557			description = "drive";
558			break;
559			}
560
561			if (count == 0) {
562			if (argc == 0)
563			continue;
564			else {
565			printf("%s: no %s elements\n",
566			changer_name, description);
567			return (0);
568			}
569			}
570
571			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
572
573			cmd.cesr_type = chet;
574			/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
575			cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
576			if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
577			errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");
578			if (avoltag \|\| pvoltag)
579			cmd.cesr_flags \|= CESR_VOLTAGS;
580
581			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
582			free(cmd.cesr_data);
583			err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
584			}
585
586			/* Dump the status for each element of this type. */
587			for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
588			struct changer_element_status *ces =
589			&(cmd.cesr_data[i]);
590			printf("%s %d: %s", description, i,
591			bits_to_string(ces->ces_flags, CESTATUS_BITS));
592			if (pvoltag)
593			printf(" voltag: <%s:%d>",
594			ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_volid,
595			ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_serial);
596			if (avoltag)
597			printf(" avoltag: <%s:%d>",
598			ces->ces_avoltag.cv_volid,
599			ces->ces_avoltag.cv_serial);
600			printf("\n");
601			}
602
603			free(cmd.cesr_data);
604			}
605
606			return (0);
607
608			usage:
609			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s [<element type>]\n", __progname,
610			cname);
611			return (1);
612			}
613
614			/*
615			* Check a drive unit as the source for a move or exchange
616			* operation. If the drive is not accessible, we attempt
617			* to unmount the tape in it before moving to avoid
618			* errors in "disconnected" type pickers where the drive
619			* is on a separate target from the changer.
620			*/
621			static void
622			check_source_drive(int unit)
623			{
624			struct mtop mtoffl = { MTOFFL, 1 };
625			struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
626			struct changer_element_status *ces;
627			struct changer_params data;
628			size_t count = 0;
629			int mtfd;
630			char *tapedev;
631
632			/*
633			* Get params from changer. Specifically, we need the element
634			* counts.
635			*/
636			bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
637			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
638			err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);
639
640			count = data.cp_ndrives;
641			if (unit < 0 \|\| unit >= count)
642			err(1, "%s: invalid drive: drive %d", changer_name, unit);
643
644			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
645			cmd.cesr_type = CHET_DT;
646			/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
647			cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
648			if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
649			errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");
650
651			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
652			free(cmd.cesr_data);
653			err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
654			}
655			ces = &(cmd.cesr_data[unit]);
656
657			if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_FULL) != CESTATUS_FULL)
658			err(1, "%s: drive %d is empty!", changer_name, unit);
659
660			if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_ACCESS) == CESTATUS_ACCESS)
661			return; /* changer thinks all is well - trust it */
662
663			/*
664			* Otherwise, drive is FULL, but not accessible.
665			* Try to make it accessible by doing an mt offline.
666			*/
667			tapedev = parse_tapedev(_PATH_CH_CONF, changer_name, unit);
668			mtfd = opendev(tapedev, O_RDONLY, 0, NULL);
669			if (mtfd == -1)
670			err(1, "%s drive %d (%s): open", changer_name, unit, tapedev);
671			if (ioctl(mtfd, MTIOCTOP, &mtoffl) == -1)
672			err(1, "%s drive %d (%s): rewoffl", changer_name, unit,
673			tapedev);
674			close(mtfd);
675			}
676
677			void
678			find_voltag(char voltag, int type, int *unit)
679			{
680			struct changer_element_status_request cmd;
681			struct changer_params data;
682			int i, chet, schet, echet, found;
683			size_t count = 0;
684
685			/*
686			* Get params from changer. Specifically, we need the element
687			* counts.
688			*/
689			bzero(&data, sizeof(data));
690			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGPARAMS, &data))
691			err(1, "%s: CHIOGPARAMS", changer_name);
692
693			found = 0;
694			schet = CHET_MT;
695			echet = CHET_DT;
696
697			/*
698			* For each type of element, iterate through each one until
699			* we find the correct volume id.
700			*/
701			for (chet = schet; chet <= echet; ++chet) {
702			switch (chet) {
703			case CHET_MT:
704			count = data.cp_npickers;
705			break;
706			case CHET_ST:
707			count = data.cp_nslots;
708			break;
709			case CHET_IE:
710			count = data.cp_nportals;
711			break;
712			case CHET_DT:
713			count = data.cp_ndrives;
714			break;
715			}
716			if (count == 0 \|\| found)
717			continue;
718
719			bzero(&cmd, sizeof(cmd));
720			cmd.cesr_type = chet;
721			/* Allocate storage for the status info. */
722			cmd.cesr_data = calloc(count, sizeof(*cmd.cesr_data));
723			if ((cmd.cesr_data) == NULL)
724			errx(1, "can't allocate status storage");
725			cmd.cesr_flags \|= CESR_VOLTAGS;
726
727			if (ioctl(changer_fd, CHIOGSTATUS, &cmd)) {
728			free(cmd.cesr_data);
729			err(1, "%s: CHIOGSTATUS", changer_name);
730			}
731
732			/*
733			* look through each element to see if it has our desired
734			* volume tag.
735			*/
736			for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
737			struct changer_element_status *ces =
738			&(cmd.cesr_data[i]);
739			if ((ces->ces_flags & CESTATUS_FULL) != CESTATUS_FULL)
740			continue; /* no tape in drive */
741			if (strcasecmp(voltag, ces->ces_pvoltag.cv_volid)
742			== 0) {
743			*type = chet;
744			*unit = i;
745			found = 1;
746			free(cmd.cesr_data);
747			return;
748			}
749			}
750			free(cmd.cesr_data);
751			}
752			errx(1, "%s: unable to locate voltag: %s", changer_name, voltag);
753			}
754
755
756			static int
757			parse_element_type(char *cp)
758			{
759			int i;
760
761			for (i = 0; elements[i].et_name != NULL; ++i)
762			if (strcmp(elements[i].et_name, cp) == 0)
763			return (elements[i].et_type);
764
765			errx(1, "invalid element type `%s'", cp);
766			}
767
768			static int
769			parse_element_unit(char *cp)
770			{
771			int i;
772			char *p;
773
774			i = (int)strtol(cp, &p, 10);
775			if ((i < 0) \|\| (*p != '\0'))
776			errx(1, "invalid unit number `%s'", cp);
777
778			return (i);
779			}
780
781			static int
782			parse_special(char *cp)
783			{
784			int val;
785
786			val = is_special(cp);
787			if (val)
788			return (val);
789
790			errx(1, "invalid modifier `%s'", cp);
791			}
792
793			static int
794			is_special(char *cp)
795			{
796			int i;
797
798			for (i = 0; specials[i].sw_name != NULL; ++i)
799			if (strcmp(specials[i].sw_name, cp) == 0)
800			return (specials[i].sw_value);
801
802			return (0);
803			}
804
805			static char *
806			bits_to_string(int v, const char *cp)
807			{
808			const char *np;
809			char f, sep, *bp;
810			static char buf[128];
811
812			bp = buf;
813			bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
814
815			for (sep = '<'; (f = *cp++) != 0; cp = np) {
816			for (np = cp; *np >= ' ';)
817			np++;
818			if ((v & (1 << (f - 1))) == 0)
819			continue;
820			(void)snprintf(bp, sizeof(buf) - (bp - &buf[0]),
821			"%c%.*s", sep, (int)(np - cp), cp);
822			bp += strlen(bp);
823			sep = ',';
824			}
825			if (sep != '<')
826			*bp = '>';
827
828			return (buf);
829			}
830
831			static void
832			usage(void)
833			{
834			int i;
835
836			fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-f changer] command [arg ...]\n",
837			__progname);
838			fprintf(stderr, "commands:");
839			for (i = 0; commands[i].cc_name; i++)
840			fprintf(stderr, " %s", commands[i].cc_name);
841			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
842			exit(1);
843			}