Head

GCC Code Coverage Report

Directory:	./		Exec	Total	Coverage
File:	bin/chmod/chmod.c	Lines:	97	143	67.8 %
Date:	2017-11-07	Branches:	83	138	60.1 %


/*	$OpenBSD: chmod.c,v 1.42 2017/05/28 08:03:36 awolk Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: chmod.c,v 1.12 1995/03/21 09:02:09 cgd Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993, 1994
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <fts.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int ischflags, ischown, ischgrp, ischmod;
extern char *__progname;

gid_t a_gid(const char *);
uid_t a_uid(const char *, int);
static void __dead usage(void);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	FTS *ftsp;
	FTSENT *p;
	void *set;
	unsigned long val;
	int oct;
	mode_t omode;
	int Hflag, Lflag, Rflag, ch, fflag, fts_options, hflag, rval, atflags;
	uid_t uid;
	gid_t gid;
	u_int32_t fclear, fset;
	char *ep, *mode, *cp, *flags;

	if (strlen(__progname) > 2) {
		ischown = __progname[2] == 'o';
		ischgrp = __progname[2] == 'g';
		ischmod = __progname[2] == 'm';
		ischflags = __progname[2] == 'f';
	}

	uid = (uid_t)-1;
	gid = (gid_t)-1;
	Hflag = Lflag = Rflag = fflag = hflag = 0;
	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "HLPRXfghorstuwx")) != -1)
		switch (ch) {
		case 'H':
			Hflag = 1;
			Lflag = 0;
			break;
		case 'L':
			Lflag = 1;
			Hflag = 0;
			break;
		case 'P':
			Hflag = Lflag = 0;
			break;
		case 'R':
			Rflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'f':		/* no longer documented. */
			fflag = 1;
			break;
		case 'h':
			hflag = 1;
			break;
		/*
		 * If this is a symbolic mode argument rather than
		 * an option, we are done with option processing.
		 */
		case 'g': case 'o': case 'r': case 's':
		case 't': case 'u': case 'w': case 'X': case 'x':
			if (!ischmod)
				usage();
			/*
			 * If getopt() moved past the argument, back up.
			 * If the argument contains option letters before
			 * mode letters, setmode() will catch them.
			 */
			if (optind > 1) {
				cp = argv[optind - 1];
				if (cp[strlen(cp) - 1] == ch)
					--optind;
			}
			goto done;
		default:
			usage();
		}
done:
	argv += optind;
	argc -= optind;

	if (argc < 2)
		usage();

	/*
	 * We alter the symlink itself if doing -h or -RP, or
	 * if doing -RH and the symlink wasn't a command line arg.
	 */
	atflags = AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;

	fts_options = FTS_PHYSICAL;
	if (Rflag) {
		if (hflag)
			errx(1,
		"the -R and -h options may not be specified together.");
		if (Hflag)
			fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
		if (Lflag) {
			fts_options &= ~FTS_PHYSICAL;
			fts_options |= FTS_LOGICAL;
			atflags = 0;
		}
	} else if (!hflag) {
		fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
		atflags = 0;
	}

	if (ischflags) {
		if (pledge("stdio rpath fattr flock cpath wpath", NULL) == -1)
			err(1, "pledge");

		flags = *argv;
		if (*flags >= '0' && *flags <= '7') {
			errno = 0;
			val = strtoul(flags, &ep, 8);
			if (val > UINT_MAX)
				errno = ERANGE;
			if (errno)
				err(1, "invalid flags: %s", flags);
			if (*ep)
				errx(1, "invalid flags: %s", flags);
			fset = val;
			oct = 1;
		} else {
			if (strtofflags(&flags, &fset, &fclear))
				errx(1, "invalid flag: %s", flags);
			fclear = ~fclear;
			oct = 0;
		}
	} else if (ischmod) {
		mode = *argv;
		if (*mode >= '0' && *mode <= '7') {
			errno = 0;
			val = strtoul(mode, &ep, 8);
			if (val > INT_MAX)
				errno = ERANGE;
			if (errno)
				err(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
			if (*ep)
				errx(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
			omode = val;
			oct = 1;
		} else {
			if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
				errx(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
			oct = 0;
		}
	} else if (ischown) {
		/* Both UID and GID are given. */
		if ((cp = strchr(*argv, ':')) != NULL) {
			*cp++ = '\0';
			gid = a_gid(cp);
		}
		/*
		 * UID and GID are separated by a dot and UID exists.
		 * required for backwards compatibility pre-dating POSIX.2
		 * likely to stay here forever
		 */
		else if ((cp = strchr(*argv, '.')) != NULL &&
		    (uid = a_uid(*argv, 1)) == (uid_t)-1) {
			*cp++ = '\0';
			gid = a_gid(cp);
		}
		if (uid == (uid_t)-1)
			uid = a_uid(*argv, 0);
	} else
		gid = a_gid(*argv);

	if ((ftsp = fts_open(++argv, fts_options, 0)) == NULL)
		err(1, NULL);
	for (rval = 0; (p = fts_read(ftsp)) != NULL;) {
		switch (p->fts_info) {
		case FTS_D:
			if (!Rflag)
				fts_set(ftsp, p, FTS_SKIP);
			if (ischmod)
				break;
			else
				continue;
		case FTS_DNR:			/* Warn, chmod, continue. */
			warnc(p->fts_errno, "%s", p->fts_path);
			rval = 1;
			break;
		case FTS_DP:			/* Already changed at FTS_D. */
			if (ischmod)
				continue;
			else
				break;
		case FTS_ERR:			/* Warn, continue. */
		case FTS_NS:
			warnc(p->fts_errno, "%s", p->fts_path);
			rval = 1;
			continue;
		case FTS_SL:			/* Ignore. */
		case FTS_SLNONE:
			/*
			 * The only symlinks that end up here are ones that
			 * don't point to anything or that loop and ones
			 * that we found doing a physical walk.
			 */
			if (!hflag && (fts_options & FTS_LOGICAL))
				continue;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}

		/*
		 * For -RH, the decision of how to handle symlinks depends
		 * on the level: follow it iff it's a command line arg.
		 */
		if (fts_options & FTS_COMFOLLOW) {
			atflags = p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL ? 0 :
			    AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
		}

		if (ischmod) {
			if (!fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, oct ? omode :
			    getmode(set, p->fts_statp->st_mode), atflags)
			    || fflag)
				continue;
		} else if (!ischflags) {
			if (!fchownat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, uid, gid,
			    atflags) || fflag)
				continue;
		} else {
			if (!chflagsat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, oct ? fset :
			    (p->fts_statp->st_flags | fset) & fclear, atflags))
				continue;
		}

		/* error case */
		warn("%s", p->fts_path);
		rval = 1;
	}
	if (errno)
		err(1, "fts_read");
	fts_close(ftsp);
	return (rval);
}

/*
 * Given a UID or user name in a string, return the UID.  If an empty string
 * was given, returns -1.  If silent is 0, exits on invalid user names/UIDs;
 * otherwise, returns -1.
 */
uid_t
a_uid(const char *s, int silent)
{
	struct passwd *pw;
	const char *errstr;
	uid_t uid;

	if (*s == '\0')			/* Argument was "[:.]gid". */
		return ((uid_t)-1);

	/* User name was given. */
	if ((pw = getpwnam(s)) != NULL)
		return (pw->pw_uid);

	/* UID was given. */
	uid = (uid_t)strtonum(s, 0, UID_MAX, &errstr);
	if (errstr) {
		if (silent)
			return ((uid_t)-1);
		else
			errx(1, "user is %s: %s", errstr, s);
	}

	return (uid);
}

/*
 * Given a GID or group name in a string, return the GID.  If an empty string
 * was given, returns -1.  Exits on invalid user names/UIDs.
 */
gid_t
a_gid(const char *s)
{
	struct group *gr;
	const char *errstr;
	gid_t gid;

	if (*s == '\0')			/* Argument was "uid[:.]". */
		return ((gid_t)-1);

	/* Group name was given. */
	if ((gr = getgrnam(s)) != NULL)
		return (gr->gr_gid);

	/* GID was given. */
	gid = (gid_t)strtonum(s, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
	if (errstr)
		errx(1, "group is %s: %s", errstr, s);

	return (gid);
}

static void __dead
usage(void)
{
	fprintf(stderr,
	    "usage: %s [-h] [-R [-H | -L | -P]] %s file ...\n",
	    __progname, ischmod ? "mode" : ischflags ? "flags" :
	    ischown ? "owner[:group]" : "group");
	if (ischown)
		fprintf(stderr,
		    "       %s [-h] [-R [-H | -L | -P]] :group file ...\n",
		    __progname);
	exit(1);
}


Generated by: GCOVR (Version 3.3)

Line	Branch	Exec	Source
1			/* $OpenBSD: chmod.c,v 1.42 2017/05/28 08:03:36 awolk Exp $ */
2			/* $NetBSD: chmod.c,v 1.12 1995/03/21 09:02:09 cgd Exp $ */
3
4			/*
5			* Copyright (c) 1989, 1993, 1994
6			* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
7			*
8			* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9			* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10			* are met:
11			* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12			* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13			* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14			* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15			* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16			* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17			* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18			* without specific prior written permission.
19			*
20			* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21			* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22			* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23			* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24			* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25			* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26			* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27			* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28			* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29			* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30			* SUCH DAMAGE.
31			*/
32
33			#include <sys/types.h>
34			#include <sys/stat.h>
35
36			#include <err.h>
37			#include <errno.h>
38			#include <fcntl.h>
39			#include <fts.h>
40			#include <grp.h>
41			#include <limits.h>
42			#include <pwd.h>
43			#include <stdio.h>
44			#include <stdlib.h>
45			#include <string.h>
46			#include <unistd.h>
47
48			int ischflags, ischown, ischgrp, ischmod;
49			extern char *__progname;
50
51			gid_t a_gid(const char *);
52			uid_t a_uid(const char *, int);
53			static void __dead usage(void);
54
55			int
56			main(int argc, char *argv[])
57			{
58			FTS *ftsp;
59			FTSENT *p;
60			void *set;
61			unsigned long val;
62			int oct;
63			mode_t omode;
64			int Hflag, Lflag, Rflag, ch, fflag, fts_options, hflag, rval, atflags;
65			uid_t uid;
66			gid_t gid;
67		16926	u_int32_t fclear, fset;
68		8463	char ep, mode, cp, flags;
69
70	✓✗	8463	if (strlen(__progname) > 2) {
71		8463	ischown = __progname[2] == 'o';
72		8463	ischgrp = __progname[2] == 'g';
73		8463	ischmod = __progname[2] == 'm';
74		8463	ischflags = __progname[2] == 'f';
75		8463	}
76
77			uid = (uid_t)-1;
78			gid = (gid_t)-1;
79			Hflag = Lflag = Rflag = fflag = hflag = 0;
80	✓✓	20731	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "HLPRXfghorstuwx")) != -1)
81	✓✓✓✓ ✗✓✗✗ ✗✗✗✗ ✗✗✗✗	3805	switch (ch) {
82			case 'H':
83			Hflag = 1;
84			Lflag = 0;
85		105	break;
86			case 'L':
87			Lflag = 1;
88			Hflag = 0;
89		417	break;
90			case 'P':
91			Hflag = Lflag = 0;
92		107	break;
93			case 'R':
94			Rflag = 1;
95		2305	break;
96			case 'f': /* no longer documented. */
97			fflag = 1;
98			break;
99			case 'h':
100			hflag = 1;
101		871	break;
102			/*
103			* If this is a symbolic mode argument rather than
104			* an option, we are done with option processing.
105			*/
106			case 'g': case 'o': case 'r': case 's':
107			case 't': case 'u': case 'w': case 'X': case 'x':
108			if (!ischmod)
109			usage();
110			/*
111			* If getopt() moved past the argument, back up.
112			* If the argument contains option letters before
113			* mode letters, setmode() will catch them.
114			*/
115			if (optind > 1) {
116			cp = argv[optind - 1];
117			if (cp[strlen(cp) - 1] == ch)
118			--optind;
119			}
120			goto done;
121			default:
122			usage();
123			}
124			done:
125		8463	argv += optind;
126		8463	argc -= optind;
127
128	✗✓	8463	if (argc < 2)
129			usage();
130
131			/*
132			* We alter the symlink itself if doing -h or -RP, or
133			* if doing -RH and the symlink wasn't a command line arg.
134			*/
135			atflags = AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
136
137			fts_options = FTS_PHYSICAL;
138	✓✓	8463	if (Rflag) {
139	✗✓	2305	if (hflag)
140			errx(1,
141			"the -R and -h options may not be specified together.");
142	✓✓	2305	if (Hflag)
143		105	fts_options \|= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
144	✓✓	2305	if (Lflag) {
145		417	fts_options &= ~FTS_PHYSICAL;
146		417	fts_options \|= FTS_LOGICAL;
147			atflags = 0;
148		417	}
149	✓✓	6158	} else if (!hflag) {
150			fts_options \|= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
151			atflags = 0;
152		5287	}
153
154	✓✓	8463	if (ischflags) {
155	✗✓	494	if (pledge("stdio rpath fattr flock cpath wpath", NULL) == -1)
156			err(1, "pledge");
157
158		494	flags = *argv;
159	✓✗✗✓	988	if (flags >= '0' && flags <= '7') {
160			errno = 0;
161			val = strtoul(flags, &ep, 8);
162			if (val > UINT_MAX)
163			errno = ERANGE;
164			if (errno)
165			err(1, "invalid flags: %s", flags);
166			if (*ep)
167			errx(1, "invalid flags: %s", flags);
168			fset = val;
169			oct = 1;
170			} else {
171	✓✓	494	if (strtofflags(&flags, &fset, &fclear))
172			errx(1, "invalid flag: %s", flags);
173		468	fclear = ~fclear;
174			oct = 0;
175			}
176	✓✓	7969	} else if (ischmod) {
177		5664	mode = *argv;
178	✓✓✓✓	11285	if (mode >= '0' && mode <= '7') {
179		5151	errno = 0;
180		5151	val = strtoul(mode, &ep, 8);
181	✗✓	5151	if (val > INT_MAX)
182			errno = ERANGE;
183	✗✓	5151	if (errno)
184			err(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
185	✗✓	5151	if (*ep)
186			errx(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
187		5151	omode = val;
188			oct = 1;
189		5151	} else {
190	✓✓	513	if ((set = setmode(mode)) == NULL)
191			errx(1, "invalid file mode: %s", mode);
192			oct = 0;
193			}
194	✓✓	2305	} else if (ischown) {
195			/* Both UID and GID are given. */
196	✓✓	2071	if ((cp = strchr(*argv, ':')) != NULL) {
197		585	*cp++ = '\0';
198		585	gid = a_gid(cp);
199		585	}
200			/*
201			* UID and GID are separated by a dot and UID exists.
202			* required for backwards compatibility pre-dating POSIX.2
203			* likely to stay here forever
204			*/
205	✗✓✗✗	1486	else if ((cp = strchr(*argv, '.')) != NULL &&
206			(uid = a_uid(*argv, 1)) == (uid_t)-1) {
207			*cp++ = '\0';
208			gid = a_gid(cp);
209			}
210	✓✗	2071	if (uid == (uid_t)-1)
211		2071	uid = a_uid(*argv, 0);
212			} else
213		234	gid = a_gid(*argv);
214
215	✗✓	8358	if ((ftsp = fts_open(++argv, fts_options, 0)) == NULL)
216			err(1, NULL);
217	✓✓	60045	for (rval = 0; (p = fts_read(ftsp)) != NULL;) {
218	✓✗✓✗ ✓✗✓✓	51484	switch (p->fts_info) {
219			case FTS_D:
220	✓✓	4894	if (!Rflag)
221		847	fts_set(ftsp, p, FTS_SKIP);
222	✓✓	4894	if (ischmod)
223			break;
224			else
225			continue;
226			case FTS_DNR: /* Warn, chmod, continue. */
227			warnc(p->fts_errno, "%s", p->fts_path);
228			rval = 1;
229			break;
230			case FTS_DP: /* Already changed at FTS_D. */
231	✓✓	4894	if (ischmod)
232			continue;
233			else
234			break;
235			case FTS_ERR: /* Warn, continue. */
236			case FTS_NS:
237		12	warnc(p->fts_errno, "%s", p->fts_path);
238			rval = 1;
239		12	continue;
240			case FTS_SL: /* Ignore. */
241			case FTS_SLNONE:
242			/*
243			* The only symlinks that end up here are ones that
244			* don't point to anything or that loop and ones
245			* that we found doing a physical walk.
246			*/
247	✓✓✗✓	5618	if (!hflag && (fts_options & FTS_LOGICAL))
248			continue;
249			break;
250			default:
251			break;
252			}
253
254			/*
255			* For -RH, the decision of how to handle symlinks depends
256			* on the level: follow it iff it's a command line arg.
257			*/
258	✓✓	38423	if (fts_options & FTS_COMFOLLOW) {
259		15545	atflags = p->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL ? 0 :
260			AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
261		15545	}
262
263	✓✓	38423	if (ischmod) {
264	✓✓	65694	if (!fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, oct ? omode :
265		10524	getmode(set, p->fts_statp->st_mode), atflags)
266	✓✗	21898	\|\| fflag)
267			continue;
268	✓✓	16525	} else if (!ischflags) {
269		14809	if (!fchownat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, uid, gid,
270	✓✗	14809	atflags) \|\| fflag)
271			continue;
272			} else {
273	✗✓✓✗	5148	if (!chflagsat(AT_FDCWD, p->fts_accpath, oct ? fset :
274		1716	(p->fts_statp->st_flags \| fset) & fclear, atflags))
275			continue;
276			}
277
278			/* error case */
279			warn("%s", p->fts_path);
280			rval = 1;
281			}
282	✗✓	8358	if (errno)
283			err(1, "fts_read");
284		8358	fts_close(ftsp);
285		8358	return (rval);
286		8358	}
287
288			/*
289			* Given a UID or user name in a string, return the UID. If an empty string
290			* was given, returns -1. If silent is 0, exits on invalid user names/UIDs;
291			* otherwise, returns -1.
292			*/
293			uid_t
294			a_uid(const char *s, int silent)
295			{
296			struct passwd *pw;
297		4142	const char *errstr;
298			uid_t uid;
299
300	✗✓	2071	if (s == '\0') / Argument was "[:.]gid". */
301			return ((uid_t)-1);
302
303			/* User name was given. */
304	✓✓	2071	if ((pw = getpwnam(s)) != NULL)
305		2003	return (pw->pw_uid);
306
307			/* UID was given. */
308		68	uid = (uid_t)strtonum(s, 0, UID_MAX, &errstr);
309	✓✓	68	if (errstr) {
310	✗✓	26	if (silent)
311			return ((uid_t)-1);
312			else
313			errx(1, "user is %s: %s", errstr, s);
314			}
315
316		42	return (uid);
317		2045	}
318
319			/*
320			* Given a GID or group name in a string, return the GID. If an empty string
321			* was given, returns -1. Exits on invalid user names/UIDs.
322			*/
323			gid_t
324			a_gid(const char *s)
325			{
326			struct group *gr;
327		1638	const char *errstr;
328			gid_t gid;
329
330	✗✓	819	if (s == '\0') / Argument was "uid[:.]". */
331			return ((gid_t)-1);
332
333			/* Group name was given. */
334	✓✓	819	if ((gr = getgrnam(s)) != NULL)
335		751	return (gr->gr_gid);
336
337			/* GID was given. */
338		68	gid = (gid_t)strtonum(s, 0, GID_MAX, &errstr);
339	✓✓	68	if (errstr)
340			errx(1, "group is %s: %s", errstr, s);
341
342		42	return (gid);
343		793	}
344
345			static void __dead
346			usage(void)
347			{
348			fprintf(stderr,
349			"usage: %s [-h] [-R [-H \| -L \| -P]] %s file ...\n",
350			__progname, ischmod ? "mode" : ischflags ? "flags" :
351			ischown ? "owner[:group]" : "group");
352			if (ischown)
353			fprintf(stderr,
354			" %s [-h] [-R [-H \| -L \| -P]] :group file ...\n",
355			__progname);
356			exit(1);
357			}