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    /*	$OpenBSD: s_csqrt.c,v 1.8 2016/09/12 19:47:02 guenther Exp $	*/  | 
    
    
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    /*  | 
    
    
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     * Copyright (c) 2008 Stephen L. Moshier <steve@moshier.net>  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any  | 
    
    
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     * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above  | 
    
    
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     * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES  | 
    
    
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     * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF  | 
    
    
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     * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR  | 
    
    
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     * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES  | 
    
    
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     * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN  | 
    
    
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     * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF  | 
    
    
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     * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.  | 
    
    
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     */  | 
    
    
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    /*							csqrt()  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *	Complex square root  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * SYNOPSIS:  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * double complex csqrt();  | 
    
    
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     * double complex z, w;  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * w = csqrt (z);  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * DESCRIPTION:  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * If z = x + iy,  r = |z|, then  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *                       1/2  | 
    
    
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     * Re w  =  [ (r + x)/2 ]   ,  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *                       1/2  | 
    
    
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     * Im w  =  [ (r - x)/2 ]   .  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * Cancellation error in r-x or r+x is avoided by using the  | 
    
    
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     * identity  2 Re w Im w  =  y.  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * Note that -w is also a square root of z.  The root chosen  | 
    
    
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     * is always in the right half plane and Im w has the same sign as y.  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     * ACCURACY:  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     *                      Relative error:  | 
    
    
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     * arithmetic   domain     # trials      peak         rms  | 
    
    
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     *    DEC       -10,+10     25000       3.2e-17     9.6e-18  | 
    
    
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     *    IEEE      -10,+10   1,000,000     2.9e-16     6.1e-17  | 
    
    
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     *  | 
    
    
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     */  | 
    
    
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    #include <complex.h>  | 
    
    
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    #include <float.h>  | 
    
    
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    #include <math.h>  | 
    
    
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    double complex  | 
    
    
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    csqrt(double complex z)  | 
    
    
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    { | 
    
    
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    	double complex w;  | 
    
    
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    	double x, y, r, t, scale;  | 
    
    
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    	x = creal (z);  | 
    
    
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    	y = cimag (z);  | 
    
    
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    	if (y == 0.0) { | 
    
    
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    		if (x == 0.0) { | 
    
    
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    			w = 0.0 + y * I;  | 
    
    
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    		}  | 
    
    
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    		else { | 
    
    
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    			r = fabs (x);  | 
    
    
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    			r = sqrt (r);  | 
    
    
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    			if (x < 0.0) { | 
    
    
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    				w = 0.0 + copysign(r, y) * I;  | 
    
    
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    			}  | 
    
    
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    			else { | 
    
    
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    				w = r + y * I;  | 
    
    
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    			}  | 
    
    
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    		}  | 
    
    
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    		return (w);  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	if (x == 0.0) { | 
    
    
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    		r = fabs (y);  | 
    
    
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    		r = sqrt (0.5*r);  | 
    
    
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    		if (y > 0)  | 
    
    
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    			w = r + r * I;  | 
    
    
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    		else  | 
    
    
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    			w = r - r * I;  | 
    
    
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    		return (w);  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	/* Rescale to avoid internal overflow or underflow.  */  | 
    
    
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    	if ((fabs(x) > 4.0) || (fabs(y) > 4.0)) { | 
    
    
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    		x *= 0.25;  | 
    
    
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    		y *= 0.25;  | 
    
    
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    		scale = 2.0;  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	else { | 
    
    
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    		x *= 1.8014398509481984e16;  /* 2^54 */  | 
    
    
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    		y *= 1.8014398509481984e16;  | 
    
    
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    		scale = 7.450580596923828125e-9; /* 2^-27 */  | 
    
    
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    #if 0  | 
    
    
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    		x *= 4.0;  | 
    
    
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    		y *= 4.0;  | 
    
    
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    		scale = 0.5;  | 
    
    
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    #endif  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	w = x + y * I;  | 
    
    
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    	r = cabs(w);  | 
    
    
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    	if (x > 0) { | 
    
    
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    		t = sqrt(0.5 * r + 0.5 * x);  | 
    
    
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    		r = scale * fabs((0.5 * y) / t);  | 
    
    
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    		t *= scale;  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	else { | 
    
    
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    		r = sqrt( 0.5 * r - 0.5 * x );  | 
    
    
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    		t = scale * fabs( (0.5 * y) / r );  | 
    
    
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    		r *= scale;  | 
    
    
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    	}  | 
    
    
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    	if (y < 0)  | 
    
    
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    		w = t - r * I;  | 
    
    
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    	else  | 
    
    
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    		w = t + r * I;  | 
    
    
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    	return (w);  | 
    
    
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    }  | 
    
    
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    DEF_STD(csqrt);  | 
    
    
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    LDBL_MAYBE_CLONE(csqrt);  |