GCC Code Coverage Report
Directory: ./ Exec Total Coverage
File: usr.sbin/traceroute/traceroute.c Lines: 0 435 0.0 %
Date: 2017-11-13 Branches: 0 277 0.0 %

Line Branch Exec Source
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/*	$OpenBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.155 2017/05/28 10:06:13 benno Exp $	*/
2
/*	$NetBSD: traceroute.c,v 1.10 1995/05/21 15:50:45 mycroft Exp $	*/
3
4
/*
5
 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
6
 * All rights reserved.
7
 *
8
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10
 * are met:
11
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16
 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
17
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18
 *    without specific prior written permission.
19
 *
20
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
31
 */
32
33
/*-
34
 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
35
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
36
 *
37
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
38
 * Van Jacobson.
39
 *
40
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
41
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
42
 * are met:
43
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
44
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
45
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
46
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
47
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
48
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
49
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
50
 *    without specific prior written permission.
51
 *
52
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
53
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
54
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
55
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
56
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
57
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
58
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
59
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
60
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
61
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
62
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
63
 */
64
65
/*
66
 * traceroute host  - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
67
 *
68
 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
69
 * internet host.  We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
70
 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
71
 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway.  We start our probes
72
 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
73
 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
74
 * defaults to 64 hops & can be changed with the -m flag).  Three
75
 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
76
 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
77
 * round trip time of each probe.  If the probe answers come from
78
 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
79
 * be printed.  If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
80
 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
81
 * probe.
82
 *
83
 * Probe packets are UDP format.  We don't want the destination
84
 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
85
 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
86
 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
87
 *
88
 * A sample use might be:
89
 *
90
 *     [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
91
 *     traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 64 hops max, 56 byte packet
92
 *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  19 ms  19 ms  0 ms
93
 *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms
94
 *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms
95
 *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  39 ms
96
 *      5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms
97
 *      6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  40 ms  59 ms  59 ms
98
 *      7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  59 ms
99
 *      8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  99 ms  99 ms  80 ms
100
 *      9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  239 ms  319 ms
101
 *     10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  220 ms  199 ms  199 ms
102
 *     11  nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48)  239 ms  239 ms  239 ms
103
 *
104
 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same.  This is due to a buggy
105
 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
106
 * packets with a zero ttl.
107
 *
108
 * A more interesting example is:
109
 *
110
 *     [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
111
 *     traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 64 hops max
112
 *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms
113
 *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  19 ms  19 ms
114
 *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  19 ms
115
 *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  19 ms  39 ms  39 ms
116
 *      5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  20 ms  39 ms  39 ms
117
 *      6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  59 ms  119 ms  39 ms
118
 *      7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  39 ms
119
 *      8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  80 ms  79 ms  99 ms
120
 *      9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  139 ms  159 ms
121
 *     10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  199 ms  180 ms  300 ms
122
 *     11  129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17)  300 ms  239 ms  239 ms
123
 *     12  * * *
124
 *     13  128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72)  259 ms  499 ms  279 ms
125
 *     14  * * *
126
 *     15  * * *
127
 *     16  * * *
128
 *     17  * * *
129
 *     18  ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115)  339 ms  279 ms  279 ms
130
 *
131
 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
132
 * MIT.)  Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
133
 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
134
 * with a ttl too small to reach us.  14 - 17 are running the
135
 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s.  God
136
 * only knows what's going on with 12.
137
 *
138
 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
139
 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives):  4.x (x <= 3)
140
 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
141
 * original datagram.  Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
142
 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
143
 * to us.  The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
144
 * when it appears on the destination system:
145
 *
146
 *      1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms
147
 *      2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  39 ms
148
 *      3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  39 ms  19 ms
149
 *      4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  19 ms
150
 *      5  ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms
151
 *      6  csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254)  39 ms  59 ms  39 ms
152
 *      7  * * *
153
 *      8  * * *
154
 *      9  * * *
155
 *     10  * * *
156
 *     11  * * *
157
 *     12  * * *
158
 *     13  rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22)  59 ms !  39 ms !  39 ms !
159
 *
160
 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
161
 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
162
 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
163
 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
164
 * icmp reply.  So, the reply will time out on the return path
165
 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
166
 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
167
 * length.  I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away.  A reply that
168
 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
169
 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
170
 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
171
 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
172
 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
173
 * probes.
174
 *
175
 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
176
 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
177
 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
178
 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one).  If
179
 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
180
 * will give up and exit.
181
 *
182
 * Notes
183
 * -----
184
 * This program must be run by root or be setuid.  (I suggest that
185
 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
186
 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
187
 *
188
 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
189
 * system available from Berkeley:  A raw ip socket using proto
190
 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
191
 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram).  See the README
192
 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
193
 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c.  Your mileage may
194
 * vary.  But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
195
 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
196
 *
197
 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
198
 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
199
 * data from the original datagram.  8 bytes is the size of a udp
200
 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
201
 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
202
 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
203
 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
204
 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
205
 * code to set the ip id).  So, to allow two or more users to
206
 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
207
 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
208
 * of the "likely" range).  To keep track of which probe is being
209
 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
210
 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
211
 * port number before each probe.
212
 *
213
 * Don't use this as a coding example.  I was trying to find a
214
 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
215
 * without sleep.  I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
216
 *
217
 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering.  Since
218
 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
219
 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
220
 * Almes or Matt Mathis.  I don't know (or care) who came up with
221
 * the idea first.  I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
222
 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
223
 *
224
 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
225
 * enhancements to the original distribution.
226
 *
227
 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
228
 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
229
 * back to yourself.  Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
230
 * routing, the thing is almost worthless.  Maybe one day...
231
 *
232
 *  -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
233
 *     Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
234
 */
235
236
237
#include <arpa/inet.h>
238
#include <endian.h>
239
#include <err.h>
240
#include <errno.h>
241
#include <limits.h>
242
#include <netdb.h>
243
#include <netinet/icmp6.h>
244
#include <netinet/in.h>
245
#include <netinet/ip.h>
246
#include <netinet/ip6.h>
247
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
248
#include <netinet/udp.h>
249
#include <pwd.h>
250
#include <stdio.h>
251
#include <stdlib.h>
252
#include <string.h>
253
#include <sys/socket.h>
254
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
255
#include <sys/time.h>
256
#include <sys/uio.h>
257
#include <unistd.h>
258
259
#include "traceroute.h"
260
261
int32_t	 sec_perturb;
262
int32_t	 usec_perturb;
263
264
u_char	 packet[512];
265
u_char	*outpacket;	/* last inbound (icmp) packet */
266
267
int	rcvsock;	/* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
268
int	sndsock;	/* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
269
270
int	rcvhlim;
271
struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
272
273
	int	datalen;	/* How much data */
274
275
char	*hostname;
276
277
u_int16_t	srcport;
278
279
void	usage(int);
280
281
#define	TRACEROUTE_USER	"_traceroute"
282
283
int
284
main(int argc, char *argv[])
285
{
286
	int	mib[4] = { CTL_NET, PF_INET, IPPROTO_IP, IPCTL_DEFTTL };
287
	char	hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
288
289
	struct tr_conf		*conf;	/* configuration defaults */
290
	struct sockaddr_in	 from4, to4;
291
	struct sockaddr_in6	 from6, to6;
292
	struct sockaddr		*from, *to;
293
	struct addrinfo		 hints, *res;
294
	struct hostent		*hp;
295
	struct ip		*ip = NULL;
296
	struct iovec		 rcviov[2];
297
	struct msghdr		 rcvmhdr;
298
	static u_char		*rcvcmsgbuf;
299
	struct passwd		*pw;
300
301
	long		 l;
302
	socklen_t	 len;
303
	size_t		 size;
304
305
	int		 ch;
306
	int		 on = 1;
307
	int		 seq = 0;
308
	int		 error;
309
	int		 curwaittime;
310
	int		 headerlen;	/* How long packet's header is */
311
	int		 i;
312
	int		 last_tos = 0;
313
	int		 packetlen;
314
	int		 probe;
315
	int		 rcvcmsglen;
316
	int		 rcvsock4, rcvsock6;
317
	int		 sndsock4, sndsock6;
318
	u_int32_t	 tmprnd;
319
	int		 v4sock_errno, v6sock_errno;
320
	int		 v6flag = 0;
321
	int		 xflag = 0;	/* show ICMP extension header */
322
323
	char		*dest;
324
	const char	*errstr;
325
	u_int8_t	 ttl;
326
327
	uid_t		 ouid, uid;
328
	gid_t		 gid;
329
330
	if ((conf = calloc(1, sizeof(*conf))) == NULL)
331
		err(1,NULL);
332
333
	conf->incflag = 1;
334
	conf->first_ttl = 1;
335
	conf->proto = IPPROTO_UDP;
336
	conf->max_ttl = IPDEFTTL;
337
	conf->nprobes = 3;
338
339
	/* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
340
	conf->port = 32768+666;
341
342
 	memset(&rcvmhdr, 0, sizeof(rcvmhdr));
343
	memset(&rcviov, 0, sizeof(rcviov));
344
345
	rcvsock4 = rcvsock6 = sndsock4 = sndsock6 = -1;
346
	v4sock_errno = v6sock_errno = 0;
347
348
	conf->waittime = 5 * 1000;
349
350
	if ((rcvsock6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0)
351
		v6sock_errno = errno;
352
	else if ((sndsock6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
353
		v6sock_errno = errno;
354
355
	if ((rcvsock4 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0)
356
		v4sock_errno = errno;
357
	else if ((sndsock4 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0)
358
		v4sock_errno = errno;
359
360
	/* revoke privs */
361
	ouid = getuid();
362
	if ((pw = getpwnam(TRACEROUTE_USER)) != NULL) {
363
		uid = pw->pw_uid;
364
		gid = pw->pw_gid;
365
	} else {
366
		uid = getuid();
367
		gid = getgid();
368
	}
369
	if (setgroups(1, &gid) ||
370
	    setresgid(gid, gid, gid) ||
371
	    setresuid(uid, uid, uid))
372
		err(1, "unable to revoke privs");
373
374
	if (strcmp("traceroute6", __progname) == 0) {
375
		v6flag = 1;
376
		if (v6sock_errno != 0)
377
			errc(5, v6sock_errno, rcvsock6 < 0 ? "socket(ICMPv6)" :
378
			    "socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
379
		rcvsock = rcvsock6;
380
		sndsock = sndsock6;
381
		if (rcvsock4 >= 0)
382
			close(rcvsock4);
383
		if (sndsock4 >= 0)
384
			close(sndsock4);
385
	} else {
386
		if (v4sock_errno != 0)
387
			errc(5, v4sock_errno, rcvsock4 < 0 ? "icmp socket" :
388
			    "raw socket");
389
		rcvsock = rcvsock4;
390
		sndsock = sndsock4;
391
		if (rcvsock6 >= 0)
392
			close(rcvsock6);
393
		if (sndsock6 >= 0)
394
			close(sndsock6);
395
	}
396
397
	if (v6flag) {
398
		mib[1] = PF_INET6;
399
		mib[2] = IPPROTO_IPV6;
400
		mib[3] = IPV6CTL_DEFHLIM;
401
		/* specify to tell receiving interface */
402
		if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
403
		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
404
			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
405
406
		/* specify to tell hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
407
		if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
408
		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
409
			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
410
	}
411
412
	size = sizeof(i);
413
	if (sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(mib[0]), &i, &size, NULL, 0) == -1)
414
		err(1, "sysctl");
415
	conf->max_ttl = i;
416
417
	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, v6flag ? "AcDdf:Ilm:np:q:Ss:w:vV:" :
418
	    "AcDdf:g:Ilm:nP:p:q:Ss:t:V:vw:x")) != -1)
419
		switch (ch) {
420
		case 'A':
421
			conf->Aflag = 1;
422
			break;
423
		case 'c':
424
			conf->incflag = 0;
425
			break;
426
		case 'd':
427
			conf->dflag = 1;
428
			break;
429
		case 'D':
430
			conf->dump = 1;
431
			break;
432
		case 'f':
433
			conf->first_ttl = strtonum(optarg, 1, conf->max_ttl,
434
			    &errstr);
435
			if (errstr)
436
				errx(1, "min ttl must be 1 to %u.",
437
				    conf->max_ttl);
438
			break;
439
		case 'g':
440
			if (conf->lsrr >= MAX_LSRR)
441
				errx(1, "too many gateways; max %d", MAX_LSRR);
442
			if (inet_aton(optarg, &conf->gateway[conf->lsrr]) ==
443
			    0) {
444
				hp = gethostbyname(optarg);
445
				if (hp == 0)
446
					errx(1, "unknown host %s", optarg);
447
				memcpy(&conf->gateway[conf->lsrr], hp->h_addr,
448
				    hp->h_length);
449
			}
450
			if (++conf->lsrr == 1)
451
				conf->lsrrlen = 4;
452
			conf->lsrrlen += 4;
453
			break;
454
		case 'I':
455
			if (conf->protoset)
456
				errx(1, "protocol already set with -P");
457
			conf->protoset = 1;
458
			conf->proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;
459
			break;
460
		case 'l':
461
			conf->ttl_flag = 1;
462
			break;
463
		case 'm':
464
			conf->max_ttl = strtonum(optarg, conf->first_ttl,
465
			    MAXTTL, &errstr);
466
			if (errstr)
467
				errx(1, "max ttl must be %u to %u.",
468
				    conf->first_ttl, MAXTTL);
469
			break;
470
		case 'n':
471
			conf->nflag = 1;
472
			break;
473
		case 'p':
474
			conf->port = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65535, &errstr);
475
			if (errstr)
476
				errx(1, "port must be >0, <65536.");
477
			break;
478
		case 'P':
479
			if (conf->protoset)
480
				errx(1, "protocol already set with -I");
481
			conf->protoset = 1;
482
			conf->proto = strtonum(optarg, 1, IPPROTO_MAX - 1,
483
			    &errstr);
484
			if (errstr) {
485
				struct protoent *pent;
486
487
				pent = getprotobyname(optarg);
488
				if (pent)
489
					conf->proto = pent->p_proto;
490
				else
491
					errx(1, "proto must be >=1, or a "
492
					    "name.");
493
			}
494
			break;
495
		case 'q':
496
			conf->nprobes = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
497
			if (errstr)
498
				errx(1, "nprobes must be >0.");
499
			break;
500
		case 's':
501
			/*
502
			 * set the ip source address of the outbound
503
			 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
504
			 */
505
			conf->source = optarg;
506
			break;
507
		case 'S':
508
			conf->sump = 1;
509
			break;
510
		case 't':
511
			if (!map_tos(optarg, &conf->tos)) {
512
				if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' &&
513
				    optarg[1] == 'x') {
514
					char *ep;
515
					errno = 0;
516
					ep = NULL;
517
					l = strtol(optarg, &ep, 16);
518
					if (errno || !*optarg || *ep ||
519
					    l < 0 || l > 255)
520
						errx(1, "illegal tos value %s",
521
						    optarg);
522
					conf->tos = (int)l;
523
				} else {
524
					conf->tos = strtonum(optarg, 0, 255,
525
					    &errstr);
526
					if (errstr)
527
						errx(1, "illegal tos value %s",
528
						    optarg);
529
				}
530
			}
531
			conf->tflag = 1;
532
			last_tos = conf->tos;
533
			break;
534
		case 'v':
535
			conf->verbose = 1;
536
			break;
537
		case 'V':
538
			conf->rtableid = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 0,
539
			    RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr);
540
			if (errstr)
541
				errx(1, "rtable value is %s: %s",
542
				    errstr, optarg);
543
			if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
544
			    &conf->rtableid, sizeof(conf->rtableid)) == -1)
545
				err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE");
546
			if (setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
547
			    &conf->rtableid, sizeof(conf->rtableid)) == -1)
548
				err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE");
549
			break;
550
		case 'w':
551
			conf->waittime = strtonum(optarg, 2, INT_MAX, &errstr);
552
			if (errstr)
553
				errx(1, "wait must be >1 sec.");
554
			conf->waittime *= 1000;
555
			break;
556
		case 'x':
557
			xflag = 1;
558
			break;
559
		default:
560
			usage(v6flag);
561
		}
562
	argc -= optind;
563
	argv += optind;
564
565
	if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
566
		usage(v6flag);
567
568
	setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
569
570
	conf->ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000;
571
	tmprnd = arc4random();
572
	sec_perturb = (tmprnd & 0x80000000) ? -(tmprnd & 0x7ff) :
573
	    (tmprnd & 0x7ff);
574
	usec_perturb = arc4random();
575
576
	memset(&to4, 0, sizeof(to4));
577
	memset(&to6, 0, sizeof(to6));
578
579
	dest = *argv;
580
581
	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
582
	hints.ai_family = v6flag ? PF_INET6 : PF_INET;
583
	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
584
	hints.ai_protocol = 0;
585
	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
586
	if ((error = getaddrinfo(dest, NULL, &hints, &res)))
587
		errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
588
589
	switch (res->ai_family) {
590
	case AF_INET:
591
		if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(to4))
592
		    errx(1, "size of sockaddr mismatch");
593
594
		to = (struct sockaddr *)&to4;
595
		from = (struct sockaddr *)&from4;
596
		break;
597
	case AF_INET6:
598
		if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(to6))
599
			errx(1, "size of sockaddr mismatch");
600
601
		to = (struct sockaddr *)&to6;
602
		from = (struct sockaddr *)&from6;
603
		break;
604
	default:
605
		errx(1, "unsupported AF: %d", res->ai_family);
606
		break;
607
	}
608
609
	memcpy(to, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
610
611
	if (!hostname) {
612
		hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : dest;
613
		if (!hostname)
614
			errx(1, "malloc");
615
	}
616
617
	if (res->ai_next) {
618
		if (getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen, hbuf,
619
		    sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) != 0)
620
			strlcpy(hbuf, "?", sizeof(hbuf));
621
		warnx("Warning: %s has multiple "
622
		    "addresses; using %s", hostname, hbuf);
623
	}
624
	freeaddrinfo(res);
625
626
	if (*++argv) {
627
		datalen = strtonum(*argv, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
628
		if (errstr)
629
			errx(1, "datalen out of range");
630
	}
631
632
	switch (to->sa_family) {
633
	case AF_INET:
634
		switch (conf->proto) {
635
		case IPPROTO_UDP:
636
			headerlen = (sizeof(struct ip) + conf->lsrrlen +
637
			    sizeof(struct udphdr) + sizeof(struct packetdata));
638
			break;
639
		case IPPROTO_ICMP:
640
			headerlen = (sizeof(struct ip) + conf->lsrrlen +
641
			    sizeof(struct icmp) + sizeof(struct packetdata));
642
			break;
643
		default:
644
			headerlen = (sizeof(struct ip) + conf->lsrrlen +
645
			    sizeof(struct packetdata));
646
		}
647
648
		if (datalen < 0 || datalen > IP_MAXPACKET - headerlen)
649
			errx(1, "packet size must be 0 to %d.",
650
			    IP_MAXPACKET - headerlen);
651
652
		datalen += headerlen;
653
654
		if ((outpacket = calloc(1, datalen)) == NULL)
655
			err(1, "calloc");
656
657
		rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
658
		rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
659
		rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from4;
660
		rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(from4);
661
		rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
662
		rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
663
		rcvmhdr.msg_control = NULL;
664
		rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = 0;
665
666
		ip = (struct ip *)outpacket;
667
		if (conf->lsrr != 0) {
668
			u_char *p = (u_char *)(ip + 1);
669
670
			*p++ = IPOPT_NOP;
671
			*p++ = IPOPT_LSRR;
672
			*p++ = conf->lsrrlen - 1;
673
			*p++ = IPOPT_MINOFF;
674
			conf->gateway[conf->lsrr] = to4.sin_addr;
675
			for (i = 1; i <= conf->lsrr; i++) {
676
				memcpy(p, &conf->gateway[i],
677
				    sizeof(struct in_addr));
678
				p += sizeof(struct in_addr);
679
			}
680
			ip->ip_dst = conf->gateway[0];
681
		} else
682
			ip->ip_dst = to4.sin_addr;
683
		ip->ip_off = htons(0);
684
		ip->ip_hl = (sizeof(struct ip) + conf->lsrrlen) >> 2;
685
		ip->ip_p = conf->proto;
686
		ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
687
		ip->ip_tos = conf->tos;
688
689
		if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&on,
690
		    sizeof(on)) < 0)
691
			err(6, "IP_HDRINCL");
692
693
		if (conf->source) {
694
			memset(&from4, 0, sizeof(from4));
695
			from4.sin_family = AF_INET;
696
			if (inet_aton(conf->source, &from4.sin_addr) == 0)
697
				errx(1, "unknown host %s", conf->source);
698
			ip->ip_src = from4.sin_addr;
699
			if (ouid != 0 &&
700
			    (ntohl(from4.sin_addr.s_addr) & 0xff000000U) ==
701
			    0x7f000000U && (ntohl(to4.sin_addr.s_addr) &
702
			    0xff000000U) != 0x7f000000U)
703
				errx(1, "source is on 127/8, destination is"
704
				    " not");
705
			if (ouid && bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from4,
706
			    sizeof(from4)) < 0)
707
				err(1, "bind");
708
		}
709
		packetlen = datalen;
710
		break;
711
	case AF_INET6:
712
		/*
713
		 * packetlen is the size of the complete IP packet sent and
714
		 * reported in the first line of output.
715
		 * For IPv4 this is equal to datalen since we are constructing
716
		 * a raw packet.
717
		 * For IPv6 we need to always add the size of the IP6 header
718
		 * and for UDP packets the size of the UDP header since they
719
		 * are prepended to the packet by the kernel
720
		 */
721
		packetlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
722
		switch (conf->proto) {
723
		case IPPROTO_UDP:
724
			headerlen = sizeof(struct packetdata);
725
			packetlen += sizeof(struct udphdr);
726
			break;
727
		case IPPROTO_ICMP:
728
			headerlen = sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr) +
729
			    sizeof(struct packetdata);
730
			break;
731
		default:
732
			errx(1, "Unsupported proto: %hhu", conf->proto);
733
			break;
734
		}
735
736
		if (datalen < 0 || datalen > IP_MAXPACKET - headerlen)
737
			errx(1, "packet size must be 0 to %d.",
738
			    IP_MAXPACKET - headerlen);
739
740
		datalen += headerlen;
741
		packetlen += datalen;
742
743
		if ((outpacket = calloc(1, datalen)) == NULL)
744
			err(1, "calloc");
745
746
		/* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
747
		rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
748
		rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
749
		rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from6;
750
		rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(from6);
751
		rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
752
		rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
753
		rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) +
754
		    CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
755
756
		if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL)
757
			errx(1, "malloc");
758
		rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
759
		rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
760
761
		/*
762
		 * Send UDP or ICMP
763
		 */
764
		if (conf->proto == IPPROTO_ICMP) {
765
			close(sndsock);
766
			sndsock = rcvsock;
767
		}
768
769
		/*
770
		 * Source selection
771
		 */
772
		memset(&from6, 0, sizeof(from6));
773
		if (conf->source) {
774
			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
775
			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
776
			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;	/*dummy*/
777
			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
778
			if ((error = getaddrinfo(conf->source, "0", &hints,
779
			    &res)))
780
				errx(1, "%s: %s", conf->source,
781
				    gai_strerror(error));
782
			if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(from6))
783
				errx(1, "size of sockaddr mismatch");
784
			memcpy(&from6, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
785
			freeaddrinfo(res);
786
		} else {
787
			struct sockaddr_in6 nxt;
788
			int dummy;
789
790
			nxt = to6;
791
			nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
792
			if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
793
				err(1, "socket");
794
			if (conf->rtableid > 0 &&
795
			    setsockopt(dummy, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE,
796
			    &conf->rtableid, sizeof(conf->rtableid)) < 0)
797
				err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RTABLE)");
798
			if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&nxt,
799
			    nxt.sin6_len) < 0)
800
				err(1, "connect");
801
			len = sizeof(from6);
802
			if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&from6,
803
			    &len) < 0)
804
				err(1, "getsockname");
805
			close(dummy);
806
		}
807
808
		from6.sin6_port = htons(0);
809
		if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from6, from6.sin6_len) <
810
		    0)
811
			err(1, "bind sndsock");
812
813
		len = sizeof(from6);
814
		if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&from6, &len) < 0)
815
			err(1, "getsockname");
816
		srcport = ntohs(from6.sin6_port);
817
		break;
818
	default:
819
		errx(1, "unsupported AF: %d", to->sa_family);
820
		break;
821
	}
822
823
	if (conf->dflag) {
824
		(void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
825
		    (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
826
		(void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
827
		    (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
828
	}
829
830
	if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen,
831
	    sizeof(datalen)) < 0)
832
		err(6, "SO_SNDBUF");
833
834
	if (conf->nflag && !conf->Aflag) {
835
		if (pledge("stdio inet flock rpath cpath wpath", NULL) == -1)
836
			err(1, "pledge");
837
	} else {
838
		if (pledge("stdio inet dns flock rpath cpath wpath", NULL) == -1)
839
			err(1, "pledge");
840
	}
841
842
	if (getnameinfo(to, to->sa_len, hbuf,
843
	    sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST))
844
		strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
845
	fprintf(stderr, "%s to %s (%s)", __progname, hostname, hbuf);
846
	if (conf->source)
847
		fprintf(stderr, " from %s", conf->source);
848
	fprintf(stderr, ", %u hops max, %d byte packets\n", conf->max_ttl,
849
	    packetlen);
850
	(void) fflush(stderr);
851
852
	if (conf->first_ttl > 1)
853
		printf("Skipping %u intermediate hops\n", conf->first_ttl - 1);
854
855
	for (ttl = conf->first_ttl; ttl && ttl <= conf->max_ttl; ++ttl) {
856
		int got_there = 0, unreachable = 0, timeout = 0, loss;
857
		in_addr_t lastaddr = 0;
858
		struct in6_addr lastaddr6;
859
860
		printf("%2u ", ttl);
861
		memset(&lastaddr6, 0, sizeof(lastaddr6));
862
		for (probe = 0, loss = 0; probe < conf->nprobes; ++probe) {
863
			int cc;
864
			struct timeval t1, t2;
865
866
			gettime(&t1);
867
			send_probe(conf, ++seq, ttl, conf->incflag, to);
868
			curwaittime = conf->waittime;
869
			while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr,
870
			    curwaittime))) {
871
				gettime(&t2);
872
				i = packet_ok(conf, to->sa_family, &rcvmhdr,
873
				    cc, seq, conf->incflag);
874
				/* Skip wrong packet */
875
				if (i == 0) {
876
					curwaittime = conf->waittime -
877
					    ((t2.tv_sec - t1.tv_sec) * 1000 +
878
					    (t2.tv_usec - t1.tv_usec) / 1000);
879
					if (curwaittime < 0)
880
						curwaittime = 0;
881
					continue;
882
				}
883
				if (to->sa_family == AF_INET) {
884
					ip = (struct ip *)packet;
885
					if (from4.sin_addr.s_addr != lastaddr) {
886
						print(conf, from,
887
						    cc - (ip->ip_hl << 2),
888
						    inet_ntop(AF_INET,
889
						    &ip->ip_dst, hbuf,
890
						    sizeof(hbuf)));
891
						lastaddr =
892
						    from4.sin_addr.s_addr;
893
					}
894
				} else if (to->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
895
					if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(
896
					    &from6.sin6_addr, &lastaddr6)) {
897
						print(conf, from, cc,
898
						    rcvpktinfo ?
899
						    inet_ntop( AF_INET6,
900
						    &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
901
						    hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) : "?");
902
						lastaddr6 = from6.sin6_addr;
903
					}
904
				} else
905
					errx(1, "unsupported AF: %d",
906
					    to->sa_family);
907
908
				printf("  %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
909
				if (conf->ttl_flag)
910
					printf(" (%u)", v6flag ? rcvhlim :
911
					    ip->ip_ttl);
912
				if (to->sa_family == AF_INET) {
913
					if (i == -2) {
914
						if (ip->ip_ttl <= 1)
915
							printf(" !");
916
						++got_there;
917
						break;
918
					}
919
920
					if (conf->tflag)
921
						check_tos(ip, &last_tos);
922
				}
923
924
				/* time exceeded in transit */
925
				if (i == -1)
926
					break;
927
				icmp_code(to->sa_family, i - 1, &got_there,
928
				    &unreachable);
929
				break;
930
			}
931
			if (cc == 0) {
932
				printf(" *");
933
				timeout++;
934
				loss++;
935
			} else if (cc && probe == conf->nprobes - 1 &&
936
			    (xflag || conf->verbose))
937
				print_exthdr(packet, cc);
938
			(void) fflush(stdout);
939
		}
940
		if (conf->sump)
941
			printf(" (%d%% loss)", (loss * 100) / conf->nprobes);
942
		putchar('\n');
943
		if (got_there ||
944
		    (unreachable && (unreachable + timeout) >= conf->nprobes))
945
			break;
946
	}
947
	exit(0);
948
}
949
950
void
951
usage(int v6flag)
952
{
953
	if (v6flag) {
954
		fprintf(stderr, "usage: traceroute6 [-AcDdIlnSv] [-f first_hop] "
955
		    "[-m max_hop] [-p port]\n"
956
		    "\t[-q nqueries] [-s src_addr] [-V rtable] [-w waittime] "
957
		    "host\n\t[datalen]\n");
958
	} else {
959
		fprintf(stderr,
960
		    "usage: %s [-AcDdIlnSvx] [-f first_ttl] [-g gateway_addr] "
961
		    "[-m max_ttl]\n"
962
		    "\t[-P proto] [-p port] [-q nqueries] [-s src_addr]\n"
963
		    "\t[-t toskeyword] "
964
		    "[-V rtable] [-w waittime] host [datalen]\n",
965
		    __progname);
966
	}
967
	exit(1);
968
}